Nonverbal communication in dance teaching - How do students experience and interpret the nonverbal communication of a dance pedagogue?

The purpose of this thesis is to further the knowledge about how a dance pedagogue's nonverbal communication could be interpreted by dance students. The thesis focuses on four semiotic resources; placement in the room, facial expression, usage of voice, and body language.

A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. A practical workshop was executed where demonstrations of various ways in using nonverbal communication within a dance class context was shown. A questionnaire was based upon these demonstrations. A group interview was conducted. In the process of making the content of the demonstrations, video filming was used. The theoretical framework is based on theories of social semiotics and multimodality.

The results show that small details in the dance pedagogue's usage of nonverbal communication have great influence on students' experiences of the presence of a dance pedagogue, the clarity of the instructions from the dance pedagogue, and the power dynamics between dance pedagogue and student. The study shows that these components are crucial for students' comprehensions of the content of a dance class and their experiences of the social climate of the classroom. The study advocates the importance of consiousness among dance pedagogues about their usage of nonverbal communication in teaching.

The school curriculum guideline for the upper secondary school states that student themselves should take responsibility for their learning and results. At the same time teachers discuss to what extent students do so. Responsability as a critical issue was observed during my teachers’s practice period at an upper secondary school, where students seemed to claim teachers more responsible for their activity. On this basis my aim is to investigate how students and teachers apprehend the notion of student’s responsibility for their learning and what factors facilitate or obstruct the action of taking responsibility. The overall theoretical approach for this study is phenomenography.Thus I collect data through interviews and categorise the statements in descriptions of categories which represent qualitatively different ways of experiencing responsability. In addition I take inspiration from reflexivity as a means of being aware of my own impact on the study. The result of the interview material is structured into Responsabiltiy, Student´s- teacher´s responsabilty and Obstacles/facilities to which of each three descriptions of categories correspond. The distinctions between the categories comprise to responsability being perceived as an obligation or as a means of power, whom is held most responsible and where the emphasis lies as to what obstruct or enhance the act of responsibil

This thesis is based on my own experiences of dancing Halling, a type of folk dance. Halling is commonly referred to as a male or masculine dance. This has been entangled in the problems I have had with the dance, as I have felt uncomfortable performing all the movements to their full extent. Therefore, I have researched my experiences of this dance through a practical study with a focus on specific movements that I have struggled with. Combining the findings of my practical study with theories about feminism, gender and masculinity has shown me that, while my problem is complex, it is nevertheless possible to structure into two parts of my own understanding. The first part concerns the movement that make up the dance. Through my research I was able to deal with some of the problems that I had with specific movements, and this led me to the conclusion that the movements of Halling in themselves do not have to be problematic in a gendered way. The second part concerns Halling within its context, and the way that its representation and the expectations surrounding it affect me and my dancing. The study has also shown me that being a pedagogical role model is a very complex situation where it is not only important for me to be aware of the choices I make but also the person I am in the teaching situation. 

This article includes a study that examines how formative assessment in dance education is constituted in three Swedish upper secondary schools. The starting-point for the study is life-world phenomenology. A phenomenological way of thinking entails that the human being is intersubjective, linked with and within the world and that learning requires the bodily subject´s active experience. To turn towards the things themselves and to be open and adherent to things in the world is a basic rule and the starting point for research within phenomenology. This study is based on empirical material from observations of the phenomenon formative assessment in dance. Spiegelberg´s philosophical method was used as a base for phenomenological analysis. The analysis results in three themes: modes of communication, dance-related knowledge and function of formative assessment. Formative assessment was observed in the study to commonly involve teachers´ verbal communication and visualisation. The assessment practice is a continuous activity and very rarely involves any kind of self-assessment or tests. The results were discussed and related to a life-world phenomenological view of learning and earlier research.

This paper will present a study concerning teachers’ assessments of dance knowledge. The aim is to explore and analyse the phenomenon of assessment of dance knowledge in Swedish upper secondary schools from a teacher’s perspective. What goals for knowledge development, and thereby assessment, appear? What value assessments could be seen? In what ways do teachers motivate their choices of assessment? A starting point for life-world phenomenology is to be adherent to the phenomenon. To be able to grasp the phenomenon material was gathered through observations of grading conversations and one teacher´s written reflections. The observations took place during dance education and separate grading conversations in the course Dance techniques 1. The method used for analysis was inspired by Spiegelberg's stages of analysis. In the analytical process the phenomenon was seen and broadened out, varied and condensed, aiming to find the essence of the phenomenon. Assessment in dance can be seen as a complex phenomenon where embodied dance knowledge constitutes the basis for what should be assessed. Two dimensions in assessment will be presented. It is necessary for the teacher and student to be in agreement about the meaning of the assessment, though the communication has implicit meanings, goals and intentions.

This presentation mediates a study that is a part of a larger study about teacher’s assessment of dance knowledge in upper secondary schools in Sweden. The purpose of this specific part- study is to define how dance knowledge is seen and valued by teachers teaching in dance and how teachers are assessing dance knowledge based on current syllabuses. There is a need for scientific research about curriculum assessment in dance (Blumenfeld-Jones & Liang, 2007). Assessment in dance in Swedish upper secondary schools is a non-researched area and is important to increased requirement upon assessment.Theoretical and methodology frameworkThe study is based on phenomenological philosophy. A phenomenological way of thinking allows that human beings are inter-subjective linked with and within the world. According to this theory there are no distinguish between body and soul, but they form an entirety. According to Merleau-Ponty (2006) the only way to gain insight of the world is through human experience of it. A basic rule and the starting point for research within the philosophy of life-world-phenomenology is to turn towards the things themselves and to be adherent to the things.The tacit knowledge of dance can often be difficult to verbalize. To make visible the tacit knowledge of the phenomenon data is gathered in this sub-project through methods as observations that are documented using field notes, video documentation, teachers' notes and conversations with teachers about their reflections upon assessment of dance. The different methods will constitute base for the analysis of the study and create the unity of purpose an opportunity to capture different perspectives of the phenomenon. The observations are taking place in three selected schools in the course Dance technique 1.The expected findings from this research are how dance teachers use assessment of dance knowledge in their teaching in the Swedish upper secondary school. So far the study can show different ways to approach current syllabuses and how assessment is based on steering documents.

Ett idéseminarium för att diskutera bedömning i dans vid estetiska program på gymnasiet. Seminariet leds av Ninnie Andersson, doktorand i pedagogik, inriktning bedömning vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Dessutom medverkar Josephine Björklund från Fryshusets gymnasium i Stockholm och Lina Andersson från Holavedsgymnasiet i Tranås. Deltagarna får möjlighet att diskutera frågeställningar inom området bedömning.

This presentation mediates a study that is a part of a larger study about teacher’s assessment of dance knowledge in upper secondary schools in Sweden. The purpose of this specific part-study is to analyse and describe the phenomenon of assessing dance knowledge from a teachers’ perspective.Theoretical and methodology framework The study is based on phenomenological philosophy. A phenomenological way of thinking allows that human beings are inter-subjective linked with and within the world. According to this theory there are no distinguish between body and soul, but they form an entirety. According to Merleau-Ponty (2006) the only way to gain insight of the world is through human experience of it. A basic rule and the starting point for research within the philosophy of life-world-phenomenology is to turn towards the things themselves and to be adherent to the things. The tacit knowledge of dance can often be difficult to verbalize. To make visible the tacit knowledge of the phenomenon data is gathered in this sub-project through methods as observations that are documented using field notes, video documentation, teachers' notes and conversations with teachers about their reflections upon assessment of dance. The different methods will constitute a base for the analysis of the study and create the unity of purpose an opportunity to capture different perspectives of the phenomenon. The observations are taking place in three selected schools in the course Dance technique 1.The expected findings from this research are how dance teachers use assessment of dance knowledge in their teaching in the Swedish upper secondary school. From analysis of produced material from observations the study can show how teachers use formative assessment in classroom-teaching and grad conversations. To see how the teachers elucidates goals of the teaching, how teachers make achievements visible in relation to the goals of the course and how teachers make the students aware of how to increase achievements in the course.

The aim of this study is to describe and explore the phenomenon of assessment in dance education within the Swedish upper secondary schools’ dance orientation. The phenomenon was researched based on teachers’ experiences of assessment in dance education and formulations in the syllabi for upper secondary school. Life-world phenomenology constituted a base for the study. The methods used in the investigation were document analysis, observations, teachers’ written and verbal reflections and interviews. Documentation of observations was made through field notes, video recordings and sound recordings. The generated material was analysed based on Spiegelberg’s (1960) seven stages of phenomenological analysis. Syllabi from Lpf94 and Gy11 were researched to describe and analyse in what ways dance knowledge becomes visible. In total, five teachers and three schools were involved in the study. Within the framework of the course Dance technique 1, observations of dance education in ballet, contemporary- and jazz dance were made as well as of ten grade conferences. The teachers read the field notes and were able to change formulations in case something was misunderstood or it needed to be commented on in the form of teachers’ written or verbal reflections. Interviews with four of the observed teachers were made and the conversations related to what appeared in the observations. Comprehension of teachers’ experiences resulted in a description of the phenomenon and answers to the research questions. The study is communicated through four intertwined papers. The result reveals various conditions for assessment in dance education. Two themes appeared in the overall findings of the study, namely: The design of the assessment practice and Communication within the assessment practice. The syllabi appeared as one condition among others for dance education in upper secondary school including views of dance knowledge that appeared through analysis of the syllabi. In the assessment practice, it was seen that teachers’ conduct of assessment involved conditions for formative assessment to emerge. Conditions in order for communicated assessment to become meaningful for the students also emerged, including shared understanding. The teachers expressed various conditions for the assessment practice to became visible, namely the students’ participation, their own actions, as well as the overall school context. The study contributes to the dance educational research field through making teachers’ experiences of assessment in Swedish dance education visible. The thesis discusses dance teachers’ various approaches to syllabi, how the teachers’ conceptions of quality influence the assessment practice, and finally the importance of shared understanding of communicated assessment is emphasised. Furthermore, collegiate discussions are brought to the attention as a way to improve and reflect upon assessment.Keywords: upper secondary school, dance education, assessment, life-world phenomenology

The aim of this study is to illuminate and discuss assessment within dance education in Swedish upper secondary schools through teachers’ reflections. The study investigates how teachers reflect upon the range of possibilities explored and difficulties encountered in their assessment practice. In order to be able to comprehend the phenomenon of teachers’ reflections regarding their assessment practice, both written and verbal teacher reflections were gathered by means of seven interviews with four teachers, and one trilateral talk. Four teachers participated in the study. In the analytical process, the phenomenon was seen, broadened, varied, and then condensed into two themes: Conditions for assessment for learning and Making space for assessment. Both themes have aspects, which are intertwined: both include conditions for assessment as seen through various modalities, methods and tools.

The aim of the study is to illuminate a teacher‘s conceptions of quality expressed through verbal and non-verbal actions in relation to summative assessments of dance knowledge. The following research questions are considered in the study: What conceptions of quality emerge during grade conferences? In what ways do teacher’s conceptions of quality reflect knowledge hierarchies? How do the teacher’s and student’s conceptions of quality relate to each other? To grasp the phenomenon, material was gathered during observations in a Swedish upper secondary school and from the teacher’s written reflections. Individual grading conversations were observed between the teacher and ten students attending a course called Dance technique 1. In the analytical process, the phenomenon was seen, broadened out, varied, and then condensed into two themes: conceptions of quality expressed through the teacher‘s focus on abilities and conceptions of quality expressed through views on the progression of dance knowledge.

In this article, we describe the results from the dance section of a ULF project. ULF is an abbreviation for Development, Learning, Research (Swedish: Utveckling, Lärande, Forskning). Dance is a school subject at upper secondary level in Sweden with its own curriculum and grading criteria. Previous research has problematised teachers’ diffi-culties in verbalising and articulating their grounds for assessment. The research model used, a learning study, with its methodological and theoretical implications, is intro-duced. The model is collaborative and iterative and is combined with teaching practice. The results, presented as three categories of description in an outcome space with critical aspects, answer the research question: How can qualitative aspects of delimited subject-specific dance knowledge, namely, to perform a parallel pirouette, be articulated? We discuss the project’s results, gains and challenges and argue that the model used can be a way to gain knowledge about knowing expressed in a physical form, knowledge which is described as partly tacit. Considering the notion of tacit knowledge can be a way to understand the formation of dance knowledge and how it can be researched, in order to develop a subject-specific language.

This article communicates a study on dance for people over 65 in Sweden. Earlier studies on dance for elderly people have primarily focused on treatment and wellbeing. The current study centers on the right to make oneself heard in and through contemporary dance as an artistic form of expression, regardless of age, gender, or geographical context. The specific aim of the study is to describe and analyze the experiences of women aged over 65 in a rural area, who participated in contemporary dance workshops as a form of arts learning. The workshops, which were observed and documented, constituted part of an EU-financed project, Age on stage. Participants also shared experiences through informal chats and e-mails. The material was analyzed in a narrative manner. The results show that the workshops created a safe space for dance as a dwelling place, where dance was discovered, and at the same time developed, collaboratively. The results also highlighted the importance of this type of artistic participation for elderly women in terms of developing an understanding of themselves and coping with life.

The purpose of this study is to explore how mindfulness can be integrated into jazz dance. Throughteaching two classes of jazz dance where we integrate mindfulness, are we trying to discover how ourdance participants experience the dance style. We also want to figure out if and how this integration canbe an access to movement. In search for our result are we analyzing self reports that are written by ourparticipants. In the result we present the essence of the participants experiences. Acceptance, freedom anddifficulties with the integration of mindfulness in jazzdance, are the mainly experiences. The result alsoshows that feelings and bodily sensations can be an access to movement.Keywords:

Whether stretching should be used in conjunction with exercise is a much debated subject. Stretching has in a large part of dance training received a major stronghold. Recent research has shown that some forms of stretching can reduce performance. The purpose of this study is to compare the current research regarding stretching and how stretching is used in dance teaching. Based on the questions:

- What does the current research say about the effects of static and dynamic stretching?

- Which approach to stretching does a chosen group of dance pedagogues in Sweden have?

- What are the similarities and differences regarding stretching in current research and in the chosen group of dance pedagogues?

This is examined by doing a research review of stretching, a questionnaire survey for dance pedagogues and by doing a content analysis of this material, and finally a comparison of those results. Research and dance pedagogues agree about the positive effects of dynamic stretching and disagree when it comes to the effects of static stretching. Research agrees that it is negative for performance, while many dance pedagogues mean it is positive for performance. Just as the research results the dance pedagogues disagree about the effects of stretching. But generally, research do not consider stretching to be needed as much as dance pedagogues do.

In this study I investigate differences and similarities between contact improvisation and floor work

within contemporary dance. The aim is to explore whether a floor work class can benefit from integrating

exercises from contact improvisation.

To answer these questions I do literature studies, interviews and let a group of dancers explore it through

movement. The dancers write a self-report in the end where they reflect upon their own experience on

integrating contact improvisation into a floor class. All my analyses are done using a phenomneographical

analysis model.

The result shows that the physical work is quite similar – such as working with the physical laws and the

body’s functionality. The learning environment is different though, where it is more open and

experimental within contact improvisation.

The self-reports show that working with a partner through improvisation can help the dancers to

understand different themes within the floor work in a deeper/different way. It also creates a more playful

and easy going climate. As a pedagogue I experience that I give the participants more space to reflect

together. Difficulties that come up are that the set movement phrases get unclear and that there are many

things for the dancers to focus on.

How can articulating dance in practice, problematize the notion of an expanded concept of choreography at Stockholm University of the Arts? What approaches are needed to make different perceptions of dance as phenomena contribute to the development of the field?

These are the questions of the study and they are examined through dancing. The examination builds upon a relation between comprehension and constitution, and the question, if we ever are comprehended? Placing my dancing body in center of the research gave rise to a position which yielded the required perspective. When dancing, the stance of “representing a genre” was assumed, taken and explored concretely, “folkdance”within the context of Stockholm University of the Arts. Researching by dancing allowed for the exposition of the practice so that it could be reflected upon with someone else. Five meetings in the dance studio facilitated the articulation of practices and approaches through the process of learning from an other.

Moving in theoretical circles through different realms and allowing these circles to intersect in practice, the work achieves its critical point of view in relation to choreography and the field of dance. The expanded notion of choreography is critiqued using theories which deals with ideas of universal practice and exclusion. The work looks for a constructive way to fill an empty space that is perceived within the epicenter of the expansion. It fills this space with dance and works with choreography as a critical practice that acknowledges the specific and intense physical work which must be invested by any body in order to find a way of being in the world.

In maintaining an ambivalent relation to the practice there is an urge, to move on in dance through choreography, to find ways in which agency can constitute the subject within discursive context, and to reflect upon aesthetic, political and pedagogical consequences of the ideas that arise. By searching for further ways to articulate difference in dance, the study contributes to the field of contemporary dance pedagogy.

The aim of this essay is to increase the awareness about the use of interpretation in classical ballet education through qualitative methods and a phenomenographical approach. Three ballet pedagogues are interwiewed about two phenomena. Firstly how they percieve interpretation and secondly in what ways they percieve their use of it in teaching. The interwiews are transcribed and represents the data for a phenomenographical analysis in which seven description categories are created in two category systems. Each system describes a phenomenon and the second system is a development of the first. Conclusions from the analysis suggests that interpretation can be percieved as a teaching method, a separate unit, a necessary ability for a dancer as well as a part of life. Interpretation as a teaching method can in turn be used by the teachers to evaluate themselves or their students or to help the students achieve greater understanding of classical ballet, for example technical difficulties. Furthermore, it is also percieved as something used to create dance out of movement.

The purpose of this study is to examine teachers experiences of student’s motivation in dance at Upper Secondary School. Furthermore, the study aims to visualize how teachers feel that they can promote student’s motivation. An additional goal is to create interest and discussions among dance teachers in general about how teachers can promote student ́s motivation. The research questions are: “How do teachers experience that student’s motivation is affected in dance education?” and “What strategies do teachers feel that they can use to promote student ́s motivation in dance?”. The theoretical frameworks of the study are sociocultural perspective on learning, goal theory, McClellands theory about needs and self-determination theory with its understanding of internal and external motivation. The method of the study is to conduct semi-structured interviews and then analyze the material with a qualitative method.

The result shows that teachers experience that student’s motivation is affected by goals, experience of dancing and development, social environment, student ́s health and assessment. The study also resulted in strategies which teachers use to promote student’s motivation in dance. Teachers can establish goals together with their students, give students opportunities to make decisions on their own, acknowledge student’s emotions, give feedback, adjust movements according to student’s knowledge and adjust the lessons dramaturgy.

Uppsatsen är baserad på litteraturstudier och informella samtal med tre verksamma danspedagoger. Syftet är att undersöka om och hur dansen kan utveckla en människas personlighet på ett positivt sätt samt förbättra hennes psykiska välmående. Utöver detta har jag utarbetat en mindre arbetsmodell för hur man kan arbeta med detta i dansundervisning. Uppsatsen redogör för litteratur i ämnen som påverkar den personliga utvecklingen och det psykiska välmåendet. I uppsatsen ingår även en redogörelse för tre danspedagogers tankar kring ämnet. Undersökningen visar att det finns ett stort antal beståndsdelar som man som danspedagog kan arbeta med för att positivt påverka elevernas utveckling däribland är beröring, samtal, musik och andning fyra stora faktorer.

The Swedish school’s fostering assignment is a well-researched field within social science, but there is a lack of research regarding the assignment related to dance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to contribute to an understanding of the fostering assignment in relation to dance. This is a qualitative study aiming to give an insight to how dance teachers in upper-secondary schools interpret and include the fostering assignment in their work. The study also aims to address how different dance traditions affect how fostering is practiced in upper-secondary schools. The method used for collecting data is semi-structured interviews and the analysis is hermeneutic. The result shows a lack of an overall picture of what fostering in upper-secondary schools actually means and the fostering assignment’s changing and contextual character in relation to the shifting ideals of society. Dance as a practice and subject can contribute to students developing abilities relating to democracy, empathy, entrepreneurship, and also strengthen students’ identities and subjectification. In conclusion, the study stresses the importance of specifying the implementation of the fostering assignment on different levels (macro, meso, micro) within organisations. Otherwise, there is a risk that the fostering happening counteracts the content written in the curriculum.

This essay raises the question about the preconditions for dance in Swedish elementary school. With a design theoryperspective the essay examines the different aspects of the school system which play a role in the discussion on dance inschool. These different aspects are the physichal resources, the institutional patterns including regulatory documentsand also the teacher´s education. To get an insight view of what the actual teaching situation looks like observationsgave been done in classes year 1 and year 3 in elementary school.One important part of this question is what view of knowledge that exists in society, school and in the arts. Thereforea part of the essay presents these different views.The conclusions are that the preconditions for dance in school are difficult due to the lack of research in the subject,the regulatory documents where dance plays a minor role, the time schedule that does not give much time for the arts inthe schedule, the teaching program that lacks education in the arts in general and in dance in particular. The mainconclusion is that the status of these parametres are due to the fact that the view of knowledge in society and school arelargely instrumental and economic and based on mathemathic and linguistic skills rather than artistic.

The aim of this study is to investigate transmission of knowledge as critical archive practice within folk dance, and thereby contribute to updating the concept tradition bearer. The research questions are: What is done in the situation of knowledge transmission where different folk dance bodies understood as archives – both living dancers and bodies in text and image – meet over time and space? How can these situations be understood theoretically and thus contribute to a new, archive oriented, theoretical understanding of the transmission of knowledge and tradition within folk dance? The empirical material consists of phenomenological interviews with three folk dancers who each participated in two workshops created by the author: in one case, the participants encountered archival material such as text, film and photography, in the other a living dancer understood as an archive. Drawing on critical and pluralizing archive theory, the findings of the study show how both dancers and archive records are stakeholders and agents in creating the affective, dynamic and complex interchanges that take place in both situations. Pluralizing archive theory also proved useful in identifying values and hierarchies among the stakeholders in the folk dance archive. In the interchange between dancer and archive, negotiations between different approaches to tradition took place. Through pluralizing archive theory and the understanding of the body as archive, the concept of tradition bearer may be given a more dynamic and inclusive definition, shifting focus from what it is to what it does, and be considered a complex relational situation.

I have been intrested in sound as a communicative tool for interpretation and deeper kinesthic understanding in dance pedagogy. My ambition has been to investigate if there is a relation between different ways of using the voice and different types of movement and develop a method to enhance learning in dance. [---]

The purpose of this study is to, within an artistic process, investigate a dance practice and how the process is enriched by the interaction with three experts within the field of dance pedagogy. Furthermore, it discusses aspects from the process that can be applied in dance education. Methods that are used is autoethnographic perspectives and self-reflective writing in the studio before inviting experts to three unique practical interviews. The results are an intense movement analysis from the work in the studio and deep interaction on the work with three interviews that highlight things such as bodily exploration, musicality and reflection on practice. The study’s conclusion is that a method for ballet class inspired by Creative movement can enrich dance education with reflexivity, but the study also highlights the importance of repetition of movement.

In this study I analyze the marketing strategies of the six biggest private dance schools in Stockholm, Sweden, through their official websites. As a target I have chosen to focus on dance for children in the age of two to five. The purpose is to summarize the information about the school’s range of courses offered, their target groups and their pedagogic ideology. The aim is also to gain a deeper understanding of the school’s view on dance as an art form versus a commercial field, and the possible influence of these on the teachers and their pupils. With an objective approach I have chosen an image- and content analysis as a method. The study shows that the schools aim towards a limited group of gender-stereotypical children of which they portray a unilateral image of; where variation of ethnicities and body types is limited. The results show as well that the schools have a major commercial focus in their marketing as they both verbally and visually highlight scenic performance. This assumingly suggests that their pedagogic practice has its ground in choreographic work, even with the young ages. This creates a complication as the commercial agenda collides with the artisic vision of a higher educated dance pedagogue.

In this essay, Choreography within cinematic virtual reality (VR) is investigated through the genre of screen dance. The purpose is to contribute to the knowledge of choreography by investigating the experience of the medium from the perspective of the viewer/participant and the importance of the site. Essentially, using a laboratory approach, a choreography has been developed in two stages which after being filmed with different dancers at different sites, has been the starting point to the analysis. Part of the approach has also been that I myself actively participated in the whole process by taking on different roles. My participation was threefold; first as a dancer/choreographer, then as choreographer/participant/viewer, when the dancers came into the process, and finally as participant/viewer. As a theoretical point of departure, the concepts of affect, emotion and emotional expression are used to create an understanding of how an experience is created in 3D with the help of choreography and locations. The importance of a site was investigated though three different concepts which include the physical location, technology as a location, and the thirdspace. With the help of these concepts, it is shown how a physical location changes and becomes a thirdspace with the help of technology. Because of technology, this leads to the acceptance of the thirdspace as the fictional location equivalent to reality by the viewer/participant. The term kinesthetic perception explains the phenomena of how the viewer bodily experiences being "there". The result of my study has revealed that for a deeper experience to occur, the traditional film convention of 180 degrees must be challenged and supplanted by the 360 degree rule where the relationship between the viewer/participant, choreographer and the location are in focus and where engaging the moment of point of interest (POI) is allowed to happen. Further each viewer/participant has their own impression of what is taking place, unlike a scenic or performative action, the experience in cinematic VR is not shared directly with other viewer/participant.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en dokumenterad respektive konstnärligt filmad metod för instudering av jazzdansmaterial, på ett sätt som samspelar med det egna sättet att lära. Undersökningen har gjorts genom intervjuer, film och observationer med hjälp av en danspedagogstudent. Litteraturen inom ämnet har varit begränsad vilket inneburit en kunskapsinhämtning från flera kunskapsfält. För att analysera materialet har jag använt en tematisk analys samt ett observationsschema med fokus på dansanalys av följande jazzdanskomponenter etablerade av Katarina Lundmark: bredd & höjd, precision, timing, koordination och musikaliskt uttryck (2011). Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade i totalt 10 teman, varav 4st tillhörande respektive filmmetod. Observationerna jämförde två jazzdansfraser som båda filmats vid två tillfällen med en veckas mellanrum och skapade ett resultat för hur vardera jazzdanskomponent påverkade gestaltningen i respektive jazzdansfras. Ett av studiens fynd visar att arbetet med film som instuderingsmetod kräver ett tydligt situerat syfte där de inre processerna aktivt samspelar med de yttre processerna.

[---] Utifrån litteraturen om Montessori och hennes pedagogik har jag analyserat och reflekterat över hur jag kan överföra och inspireras av denna i min dansundervisning. [---]

The purpose of this survey is to map dance students perceptions of the phenomenon non-genre defineddance. This phenomenon is investigated to develop didactic questions in areas other than genre-orienteddance in relation to questioning of norms in the dance teaching field and creation of identities. Afterparticipating in non- genre defined dance classes the differences in the students perceptions are gatheredand categorized through the qualitative methods of written self-reports and phenomenographic approach.The analysis forms three descriptive categories that deals with different purposes of the dance classessuch as working with expression, the joy of dancing and the layout and mix of dance genres. The categoryembracing the work with expression is divided in three additional ideas which includes the physical andpersonal expression and working with characters. By adding a norm critical perspective, different normsappears from the result, all within the context of dance education. Conclusions from the discussionsuggests the non-genre defined dance as a tool to give the teaching situation more width by including thepedagogue’s and all students competence and identities. Didactic questions are developed in relation tothe non-genre defined approach and norms in relation to the study are being questioned and challenged.